In 1989 the Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Hans Dehmelt of the University of Washington in Seattle for his work on the fundamental properties of electrons. The Nobel Prize was a result of 40 years of research into the basic properties of electrons.
The electron has only four known characteristics: mass, charge, spin and magnetism. And over the preceding years, mass and charge had already been measured to high levels of accuracy, but the electron's spin and magnetism were another story. To speak of the "spin" of something that is defined as a fuzzy bit of electron charge without definite size or shape may seem a bit odd, since there is nothing in the ordinary sense of the word to spin. Physicists use the term because of an electron's ability to store up energy within itself as similar to the way a flywheel stores up energy.
The spinning analogy leads us to the electron's magnetism. For example, if an un-magnetized iron rod is placed into rotation about its cylindrical axis, (turned like an axle rather than lengthwise as a fan), the rod will become magnetized. This is known as the Barnett effect. Also, an electron by virtue of its mass, charge and spin is also a magnet. If electrons are provided with the precise amount of magnetic energy the spinning electron will absorb that energy and flip into alignment.
The exact amount of energy required to produce a "spin-flip" is determined by the g-factor, known as the gyro-magnetic ratio discovered by Paul Dirac in 1928. Dirac noticed in his experiment whole atoms absorbing and releasing energy as the electrons undergo spin flips.
We should bear in mind that all materials experience magnetic effects. It is merely a question of degree of influence. All the known elements in the periodic hart fall into two categories - paramagnetic or diamagnetic. With paramagnetic materials, the flux draws the materials into the areas of stronger flux. Ferromagnetics are a special sub class of paramagnetics, since its (iron/magnet) attraction is extraordinarily strong. What we see on a daily basis is ferromagnetic interaction. Just because we don't see strong attractive forces with other materials doesn't mean that there is no effect. In many cases the term non-magnetic actually means non-ferromagnetic. Diamagnetic materials, on the other hand, are materials that are driven into the weaker areas of magnetic flux.
Most materials possess paired electrons. However, some materials (for example iron) have unpaired electrons. It is the action of spin of the unpaired electron that gives rise to the effect we call magnetism. It is simply the unpaired electron spin of the electron that gives rise to its magnetic moments and related field.
Hydrogen, for example, in its para or other spin form, can either be paramagnetic or diamagnetic depending on the spin orientation. Ortho-hydrogen with its coincident spins is far more unstable than its para counter part where the electron/nuclear spins are in opposition. Hydrogen in its para form can be converted to its ortho form by the application of an appropriate magnetic field (Ruskin patent #3228 868). This process makes the hydrogen more volatile.
As previously mentioned the concept of electron spin is similar to our concept of spin in the everyday non-quantum world. In physics there is a fundamental law that states momentum cannot simply appear and disappear, since angular momentum is always conserved in any physical process. When magnetic force is applied, the atomic moments of the molecules tend to align with the direction of the field. As the axis of the electrons become aligned with the external magnetic field the angular momentum no longer averages out to zero. Consequently, the reactivity of the atom and related molecules are enhanced. In octane (C8H18) the carbon content of the molecule in terms of mass is 84.2% while the hydrogen content is 15.8%. When it is combusted the carbon portion of the molecule will generate 12,244 BTU (per pound of carbon). On the other hand, the hydrogen which comprises only 15.8% of the molecular weight will generate an amazing 9,801 BTU of heat per pound of hydrogen. Thus we can see the importance of hydrogen in generating heat when a hydrocarbon molecule is burned. By altering the spin properties of the electron, we can enhane the reactivity of the fuel and related combustion process.
In conclusion, due to the breakthrough in magnetic technology and the development of a new generation of permanent magnets with high enough flux density, it is now possible to build Magnetic Fuel Conditioners (MFC's) that substantially change the hydrocarbon molecule from its para state to the higher energized ortho state. This higher spin state shows a high potential (reactivity) which attracts additional oxygen. Combustion engineering teaches that additional oxygenation increases combustion efficiency resulting in fuel economy (i.e. turbo chargers, chemical oxidizing agents put into gasoline, etc.). MFC's providing a sufficient magnetic energy product and residence time, therefore increase the fuel's ability to further oxidize. The results are more complete combustion, cleaner exhaust and fuel economy.
